Integrated In-vehicle Monitoring System Using 3D Human Pose Estimation and Seat Belt Segmentation

Recently, along with interest in autonomous vehicles, the importance of monitoring systems for both drivers and passengers inside vehicles has been increasing. This paper proposes a novel in-vehicle monitoring system the combines 3D pose estimation, seat-belt segmentation, and seat-belt status classification networks. Our system outputs various information necessary for monitoring by accurately considering the data characteristics of the in-vehicle environment. Specifically, the proposed 3D pose estimation directly estimates the absolute coordinates of keypoints for a driver and passengers, and the proposed seat-belt segmentation is implemented by applying a structure based on the feature pyramid. In addition, we propose a classification task to distinguish between normal and abnormal states of wearing a seat belt using results that combine 3D pose estimation with seat-belt segmentation. These tasks can be learned simultaneously and operate in real-time. Our method was evaluated on a private dataset we newly created and annotated. The experimental results show that our method has significantly high performance that can be applied directly to real in-vehicle monitoring systems.Comment: AAAI 2022 workshop AI for Transportation accepte

Identification of Arx transcriptional targets in the developing basal forebrain

Mutations in the aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) gene are associated with multiple neurologic disorders in humans. Studies in mice indicate Arx plays a role in neuronal progenitor proliferation and development of the cerebral cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, striatum, and olfactory bulbs. Specific defects associated with Arx loss of function include abnormal interneuron migration and subtype differentiation. How disruptions in ARX result in human disease and how loss of Arx in mice results in these phenotypes remains poorly understood. To gain insight into the biological functions of Arx, we performed a genome-wide expression screen to identify transcriptional changes within the subpallium in the absence of Arx. We have identified 84 genes whose expression was dysregulated in the absence of Arx. This population was enriched in genes involved in cell migration, axonal guidance, neurogenesis, and regulation of transcription and includes genes implicated in autism, epilepsy, and mental retardation; all features recognized in patients with ARX mutations. Additionally, we found Arx directly repressed three of the identified transcription factors: Lmo1, Ebf3 and Shox2. To further understand how the identified genes are involved in neural development, we used gene set enrichment algorithms to compare the Arx gene regulatory network (GRN) to the Dlx1/2 GRN and interneuron transcriptome. These analyses identified a subset of genes in the Arx GRN that are shared with that of the Dlx1/2 GRN and that are enriched in the interneuron transcriptome. These data indicate Arx plays multiple roles in forebrain development, both dependent and independent of Dlx1/2, and thus provides further insights into the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathology of mental retardation and epilepsy phenotypes resulting from ARX mutations

Functionally assembled metal platform as lego-like module system for enhanced mechanical tunability and biomolecules delivery

Natural bone substituting materials derived from living organisms have been utilized to treat bone malfunctioning. However, limited sources and immune issues have led to the use of artificial scaffolds consisting of biocompatible materials. Additionally, a functionally graded porous structure has been acknowledged as an alternative to overcome reduced mechanical properties by pores and alleviate stress shielding effect. In this study, a two-body combination achieved through a densification process, in which recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) can be simultaneously released for efficient bone regeneration, is proposed. Biomimetic titanium scaffolds (BTSs), which possess significantly different pore characteristics, are successfully fabricated. The mechanical properties of these parts are proven to be applicable as bone substitutes. The release of rhBMP-2 and TCH from the BTSs is prolonged compared to that of homogenous porous titanium scaffolds (PTSs). The prolonged release of rhBMP-2 from the BTS results in a sustained degree of pre-osteoblast differentiation. The antimicrobial properties of these scaffolds are verified using pathogens. Furthermore, various structures exhibiting different pore characteristics are obtained by mechanical interlocking between components. This study demonstrates that the novel assembled platform as customizable Lego-like building blocks, with its tunable mechanical and multi-biomolecule release properties, is promising for bone tissue engineering